Ways of Knowing

Ways of knowing

First of all I learned about knowledge and the different ways of knowing and justifying what I learned. 
There is:

1: Language

Knowledge through other people, things we have either been told or read somewhere. However this may not always be right, as experts may get something wrong as-well. 

2: Perception

Personal experiences, but even our senses may be wrong. A person whom is color blind can't verify the color of flowers, as his/her senses tell them something else.

3. Reason

What is Deductive Reasoning?
Deductive reasoning is one of the two basic forms of valid reasoning, the other one being inductive reasoning. The main difference between these two types of reasoning is that, inductive reasoning argues from a specific to a general base whereas deductive reasoning goes from a general to a specific instance. Also, deductive reasoning, unlike inductive reasoning, is something that is based on a premise and then follows accordingly. Inductive and deductive arguments differ with regard to the standards of evaluation that are applicable to them. Thus, deductive reasoning is the method by which conclusions are drawn on the basis of proofs and not merely by assuming or thinking about a predetermined clause. The basic principle on which deductive reasoning is based is:

All X are Y (premise)
All Y are Z (premise)Hence, all X are Z (conclusion)

Premise 1: Typically men earn more money than women.
Premise 2:  I am a man.
Conclusion: Therefore I earn a lot of money.


4: Emotion

Emotions or feelings are unreliable as a foundation. Reason is the foundation for morality. We should instruct our feelings to conform to logic. Feelings should be like a warning bell that warns us of a moral situation of which we may not consciously be aware. 

What we have done so far (Part 1) 

We started this unit, by drawing up an image of the world and by agreeing and noticing, that each of us, have a different perception of the world depending on where we are from, and how we have memorized it.

E.g. to a person from europe like myself, europe i draw at a much bigger size, than say the usa because europe is my center of the world as I am from there. 

We continued by doing activities that involved us probing different statements such as: Napoleon was French. 

and testing where this time of knowledge would come from. This knowledge was acquired through Language that we got to know through Authority, this authority included history books and school and was aquired through the means of second hand or public knowledge. 


Another Area of Knowledge

Is made up of different ways of sorting out as to what the source of the said knowledge is. Or what type of category the knowledge belongs into. 

Different types of knowledge

Subjective knowledge: a view with influence from your own emotions or thoughts

• Objective knowledge: a view without influence from emotions; facts
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• Claim: can be true or false
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• Statement: concrete fact or observation
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• Rational: from definition or reasoning
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• Empirical: about world or of observations
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• Value judgments: from evaluation (emotions/moral)
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• Metaphysical: about the nature of reality or spirits beyond the physical