Wednesday, January 23, 2013

Emotion #2

The James-Lange Theory

Suggests that our bodies and emotions have a strong connection. Furthermore that emotions are actually physical in nature and body changes are the cause of emotional changes. 

An example: 

If Physical symptoms are removed from a certain emotion, the emotion itself disappears. E.g. Anger 
If the fist clenching and other signs of anger are taken out of the equation... One is not going to be angry anymore. 

Also according to the theory one is able to emphasise... i.e. be able to relate to someone elses emotion by mimicking it. 

Emotion and Knowledge


Emotion as an obstacle to the knowledge

  • Perception: Our perception can be altered or colored by strong emotions such as "love which makes blind"
  • Emotional Colouring: Can make us aware of some aspects of reality whilst ignoring others. Being so strongly in love to the point of ignoring flaws etc. 
  • Reason: Can be negatively affected by our emotion through believing in something too strongly. This hinders open mindedness. 
  • Language: Using powerful emotion is likely to use emotive language. 


Emotion as a source of knowledge 

Emotions may be used as sources of knowledge as well... this can happen in situations when saying "he was being overly emotional". This doesn't mean he has too many emotions but simply he was expressing himself too much emotionally. Without emotions we would fall victim of being overly rational and because all decisions would look equal we would never be able to make a final decision. 






Rationalising




Emotions

Emotions

Emotions can be activated through external (being threatened) or internal causes (feeling depressed without a cause). 

What are the main types of  Emotions?
  1. Primary and universal (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, disgust)
  2. Secondary or social emotions (embarrassment, jealousy, guilt, pride)


What type of Intelligences are there?
According to the Theory of Howard Gardner there are 7 officially recognised types of intelligence:
  1. Verbal/ linguistic- good with words, and languages. Generally finds reading stories and writing easy.
  2. Logical/ mathematic - This area has to do with logic, abstractions, reasoning and numbers and critical thinking.
  3. Visual/ spacial- Good at visualising or artistic things, such as artists or architects 
  4. Bodily/ kinaesthetic- Are learners through action and activity, generally good in sports or creative tasks.
  5. Auditory/ musical- This area has to do with sensitivity to sounds, rhythms,tones , and music. People with a high musical intelligence normally have good pitch and may even have absolute pitch, and are able to sing, play musical instruments, and compose music. 
  6. Interpersonal communication  - ability to evaluate moods and feelings of other people
  7. Intrapersonal communication - capacity to understand yourself
  8. "Naturalist intelligence - ability to associate yourself with nature"

What is Intuition?
Definition:  Way of getting information without relying on reasoning.

  1. Core intuition- intuition about ourselves
  2. Subject specific intuitions - intuition of the educated mind on specific knowledge area
  3. Social intuitions - intuition about other people and how they feel.

Why are emotions difficult to classify and name? 

  1. Because People may mean different things when they say or express a certain Idea such as "I like you" or "I hate you". 
  2. Because emotions can experience a certain blending like colors where one thing could be classified as as a state of 2 blended. 
  3. Further explanation of 2: If someone is jealous they feel love and hatred at the same time. Or a blend of the two, hence emotions are ambiguous .






Sunday, January 13, 2013

Analysis of a Speech by Anthony in respect to Julies Caesar


Anthony's Julius Caesar Funeral Speech

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears! I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.
The evil that men do lives after them,
The good is oft interrèd with their bones:

So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious;
If it were so, it was a grievous fault,
And grievously hath Caesar answered it. Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest
For Brutus is an honourable man,
So are they all, all honourable men
Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me,
But Brutus says he was ambitious,
And Brutus is an honourable man.
He hath brought many captives home to Rome, Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill;
Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?
When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept: Ambition should be made of sterner stuff;
Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,
And Brutus is an honourable man.
You all did see that on the Lupercal
I thrice presented him a kingly crown,
Which he did thrice refuse. Was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious,
And sure he is an honourable man.
I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke,
But here I am to speak what I do know.
You all did love him once, not without cause; What cause withholds you then to mourn for him? O judgement, thou art fled to brutish beasts,
And men have lost their reason! Bear with me, My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,
And I must pause till it come back to me. 



This speech is of special kind as it is meant to be spoken with grief and anger. The way in which it is portrayed makes one consider the background. It starts of with words that are muttered by a grieving man "I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him." and continues relatively monotonously when he speaks about how "the good is oft interrèd with their bones". 
However than comes a twist a play of words of a sort that makes one question Brutus's motives even though Anthony's doesn't directly speak of such he often speaks in a reoccurring pattern of "Brutus is an honourable man". At first one assumes Anthony is just trying to speak of his support to Brutus and give more meaning towards believing Brutus's speech on the justness of Caesars death. 
Yet one soon starts to soon notice that though is not the cause. '
And he pauses rhetorical questions to the public such as Brutus brought many captives to Rome... "Did this in Caesar seem ambitious"? Through the power of language and by putting the right emotion where the right emotion is due Anthony strives to connect to the public and is able to do so at such a level that he manages to convince the public of Brutus not bearing a completely white shirt, but one that is stained. 


One question I have been pondering about is if Ambition is an emotion? 
Shakespeare is famous for his use of ambition and makes emotion almost seem as if it was an emotion felt by the characters. There are many famous examples of that not limited to this play of his only, but also to other plays such as MacBeth, to some extend Romeo and Juliet whom were ambitious in getting their relationship to work and many more. 

The definition of ambition is "an earnest desire for some type of achievement or distinction, as power, honor, fame, or wealth,and the willingness to strive for its attainment". (Dictionary.com)

In theory one would assume that ambition is a good thing as the Bible, which at the time of Shakespeare was a book of importance also strives to make it as such “Do not… fear / hurry / envy / be angry / be ambitious / be competitive / lust / be greedy / be ashamed / criticize yourself / feel inadequate / feel insecure. Trust in the Lord…” (Psalm 37) 

Yet in the context of this speech ambition is the pure reason of evil. It is what drove Brutus to commit such act as well as the word that causes the public to reconsider Brutus's innocence and speech and decide upon what has really happened. Whether Anthony was driven by ambition is a different matter, but at least in the context of this speech one would assume that it was not ambition but anger and distaste of Brutus as well as the feeling of underestimation that lead to such Power and caused eventually the rise of Anthony as the Emperor of Rome.